Tangible Property Rights

Week Five Team Assignment: Tangible Property Rights Jo Darling, Mark Plenty, Chantile Smith, Chante Strickland LAW/531 April 15, 2013 David Cheatham, J. D. Week Five Team Assignment: Tangible Property Rights Tangible property will be property that is seen and contacted outside of installations (University of Phoenix, 2010). † Tangible property incorporates genuinely characterized property, for example, products, creatures, minerals â€Å"(University of Phoenix 2010). The laws in the United States of America gives land owner privileges of assurance of their advantages (University of Phoenix, 2010).In pith, any association has a suggested option to shield unmistakable property from harm or cheat, and this is an authoritative duty. Thusly, a thorough procedure by directors must evaluate the dangers related with working together in their industry. This is never more obvious than in car retailing, unmistakable property on the spot can valuate to a huge number of dollars. Clearly, a n alliance that incorporates a lender, lawyer, bookkeeper, and protection specialist would distinguish zones of concern and present cures identified with the full extent of the business.The regular part of securing a solid property and loss protection arrangement is ordered, and managed. This is the most essential insurance the board can found. Additionally, different careful strategies intended to ensure substantial property must be tended to. This structure will stand up to three issues commensurate for directors to consider, for the accomplishment of securing its unmistakable property at a car store. Unmistakable Property Protection Plan Tangible property insurance requires six points of view that administrators ought to consider while defining an arrangement to secure its substantial property.Broom (2008) demonstrates that the territories appropriate to an extensive arrangement are as per the following: tasks; notoriety; guideline; lawful; liquidity; and human component. The f ocal point of this accommodation will talk about stock, hardware and data. Car Inventory The vehicles on a vehicle part are viewed as the store’s most significant substantial property. This stock can be evaluated to be as much as a large number of dollars comparative with the size of the stock. The executives would do well to fence off the property to discourage burglary and vandalism. Of the $17 billion lost by casualties of property related misconduct in the United States in 2003, over $8. 6 billion (around 51 percent) was the aftereffect of auto burglary (FBI) 2004,† (â€Å"The key to auto theft,† 2006, p. 2). Besides vehicle sound systems, radio wires and different embellishments are liable to harm or robbery whenever left unprotected (â€Å"The key to auto theft,†Ã¢ 2006). Another perspective around there is controlling access to the keys of the vehicles on the property. It is critical to have a framework that requires each deal and administration ind ividual to log use.This implies that movement for exhibit rides, marketing the parcel just as upkeep and fixes need documentation. Numerous vehicle hoodlums have acquired wrongfully, access to keys on the property. â€Å"They related anecdotes about taking keys from lock boxes that were appended to vehicles’ windows at vehicle dealerships† (â€Å"The key to auto theft,† 2006, p. 919). Car Dealership Equipment Managers at a vehicle sales center will discover actualizing an extensive support program on gear could build effectiveness and productivity.The prime region of thought on the off chance that it has one, is the administration office. Broome (2008) relates having gear that is best in class, very much kept up or now and again supplanted will remunerate the association by expanding execution and diminishing vacation while improving the main concern. Administration will counter drowsy deals and renting and give strength when monetary conditions cause more seaso ned vehicles to be being used longer. In addition, the board ought to build up upkeep plans on mechanical hardware and require a deliberate framework for situation of all tools.Detailed oral and composed reports and firsthand perception ought to uncover the genuine estimation of the administration department’s stock in exchange. This should incite administrators to finish and settle on choices in an opportune manner for hardware substitution. Securing Tangible Information Important unmistakable property at a car vendor likewise comprise of duplicates of money related data, client agreement, and credit data. These records incorporate both manual and electronic information, and the board must give a sanctuary to storage.Therefore a safe situated on the property fire and water safe could save archives. Then again, arrangements could likewise be made for capacity of records from the property. Electronic documents on the neighborhood ought to have back up security in case of frame work disappointment (Broome, 2008). End Tangible property rights is the establishment conceded by law that encourages resource assurance. The executives has an obligation to take activities that perceives chance elements. The subsequent stage is to devise intends to alleviate the risk.However, an arrangement is just a decent gadget except if executed (Broome, 2008). References Broome, J. T. (2008, September). Six stages to bring down hazard. Toys, 106(8), 1-16. Section 4 save perusing Cheeseman, H. R. (2010). Individual property and bailment [University of Phoenix Custom Edition eBook]. : Pearson training. Recovered from University of Phoenix, LAW/531 site. Criminal, B. J. (2006, March). The way to auto robbery. Advance Access Publication, 46(), 917-934. http://bjc. oxfordjournals. organization. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/content/46/5/917. full. pdf+html

Sexual Harassment Essays (544 words) - Behavior, Human Behavior

Lewd behavior As a matter of first importance, let me state that being explicitly badgering since fifth grade has gone past the harm of influencing the way I feel.... Now...I have no pride, no fearlessness, and still no chance to get out of the [misery] I am gotten through in my school.1 Sexual provocation of understudies is a genuine and major issue in training at all levels, including basic and optional schools just as schools and colleges. It can influence any understudy, paying little mind to sex, race, or on the other hand age. Lewd behavior can undermine an understudy's physical or enthusiastic prosperity, impact how well an understudy does in school, and make it troublesome for an understudy to accomplish their profession objectives. Additionally, inappropriate behavior is illicit - Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (Title IX) precludes sex separation, including lewd behavior. Forestalling and curing sexual badgering in schools is basic to guarantee nondiscriminatory, safe situations in which understudies can learn. A...student should have a sense of security and happy with strolling down the lobbies of their school. School is a spot for learning and developing. Lewd behavior stops that process.2 This flyer gives school chairmen, instructors, understudies, and guardians with essential data to help them in perceiving and managing lewd behavior under Title IX. It plots essential standards being referred to and-answer position. A few more data about a school's duties has been overlooked, and school authorities should peruse Lewd behavior Guidance: Harassment of Students by School Employees, Other Students, or Third Parties to guarantee a full comprehension of the law. Guardians and understudies can likewise counsel this Guidance, for more data about understudy rights. The Guidance was distributed by the Office for Civil Rights in the Federal Register on March of 1997 and might be gotten from any of the OCR Enforcement Offices or by calling 1-800-421-3481. It is likewise posted on OCR s site page at http://www.ed.gov/workplaces/OCR/ocrpubs.html. Lewd behavior can happen at any school movement and can occur in homerooms, corridors, cafeterias, residences and different territories. Again and again, the conduct is permitted to proceed just in light of the fact that understudies and workers are most certainly not educated about what inappropriate behavior is or how to stop it. Understudies, guardians what's more, school staff must have the option to perceive lewd behavior, and comprehend what they can do to keep it from happening and how to stop it in the event that it does happen. Pestering conduct, whenever disregarded or not announced, is probably going to proceed and become more awful, as opposed to leave. The effect of lewd behavior on a understudy's instructive advancement and accomplishment of future objectives can be huge what's more, ought not be thought little of. Because of lewd behavior, an understudy may, for instance, experience difficulty learning, drop a class or drop out of school through and through, lose trust in school authorities, become disengaged, dread for individual security, or lose confidence. Therefore, a school ought not acknowledge, endure or ignore lewd behavior. A school ought not pardon the provocation with a demeanor of that is simply developing juvenile sexuality or young men will be young men, or overlook it inspired by a paranoid fear of harming an educator's notoriety. This never really stop the sexual provocation and can even communicate something specific that such direct is acknowledged or endured by the school. At the point when a school clarifies that inappropriate behavior won't go on without serious consequences, prepares its staff, and suitably reacts when provocation happens, understudies will consider the to be as a sheltered spot where everybody can learn.

Meaning of Life Essay

Here’s what an ongoing study found: †¢ 25% of individuals state it is to look for truth and make importance for yourself †¢ 22% think the significance of life is to affectionately help other people and improve the world †¢ 18% state there is no significance †¢ 8% think it is to replicate and proceed with your qualities and mankind †¢ 8% state it is to discover bliss †¢ 6% trust it is to figure out how to serve and love God, while †¢ 8% don’t know While it appears there are a few purposes to life, science is starting to uncover there is one basic reason to all life. Each snapshot of your reality your body attempts to keep vitality streaming. Consistently you inhale air, you add food and water to supplant the vitality you use. All that you detect or do is associated with the progression of vitality in some structure. You are so used to this vitality stream that you scarcely notice it. It is a definitive procedure of your life. On the off chance that your vitality quits streaming you kick the bucket: streaming vitality separates living animals from dead ones. While the reason for all life may be to enable vitality to stream, similar laws of vitality demonstrate that your very own significance life is to discover how your vitality streams best. Is this science reverberating those sacred texts that recommend you have your own interesting ‘gift’ that you should utilize? What does your vitality empower you to do best? This can be as straightforward as figuring out what you are genuinely energetic about or what you show improvement over any other person. Lamentably, huge numbers of us don't know about what this is. Accordingly, the individual significance of your life is for you to find what makes your vitality stream best and afterward how to do that. How you use vitality best changes for everybody †subsequently, everybody has a somewhat unique importance to another person. Overlooking this implies your vitality will be totally turned around and your life will be clamorous. This is the thing that most sacred texts and otherworldly works are attempting to let us know, however just didn’t comprehend vitality alright. On the off chance that you take a gander at old sacred texts and profound compositions as far as vitality you begin to understand that they, and present day science, are on the whole saying something comparable. So, while the reason for all life is tied in with helping vitality stream, spread and equalization, your individual importance is tied in with deciding how you do this best, what you do that enables your energies to stream best.

Week 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Week 4 - Assignment Example The hazard the executives could help in the improvement of the Comet in a few different ways to keep away from the issues that radiated. The hazard the board could have occupied with chance distinguishing proof and appraisal. This should be possible through legitimate hazard examination to set up the potential effects of such dangers. This could help in concocting mitigative measures to such dangers sufficiently early. What's more, the hazard the executives could have helped through observing of such dangers and offering proficient advices to de Havilland Aircraft Company with respect to such dangers. furthermore, the hazard the board could have helped in guaranteeing configuration testing for the Comet to discover the believability of the airplane for its activities. There are a few dangers related with any innovation. These may incorporate specialized dangers, monetary dangers, business dangers and mental dangers. Furthermore, sociological dangers likewise structure some portion of the dangers related with advancements. According to the Comet, mechanical dangers, sociological and money related dangers were apparent. A ton of cash was put resources into the structure of the airplane. Also, a few assets were put resources into the assembling business of the Comet. This cash was put resources into making a smoothed out plane that could agreeable convey the travelers in the midst of keeping up optimal design at moderately high speeds (Case Study 7.1. Great Case: de Havilland’s Falling Comet). Mechanical dangers related in the comet’s case include the rehashed mishaps that came to pass for the airplanes prompting loss of a few lives. This follows the new and radical highlights in such airplanes. These new highlights were excessively dan gerous and were related with the blasts of fuselages, just as, metal exhaustion from the wings of the airplanes. The accomplishment of developments significantly relies upon the opportunity taken to arrive up with such disclosures. Contributing

32 Scholarships To Apply To Over Summer Break

Have these deadlines passed? Click here for our most recent list of scholarships!Want a PDF copy of this list of scholarships sent right to your Facebook inbox? Click the button below.School is almost out and summer will be in full swing and while its tempting for your student to want to hit the beach and make lasting memories with friends and family its equally important to get a head start on the competition and apply for scholarships. We are all for some fun in the sun and lazy summer days too, but with college debt rising at an alarming rate, we also know the importance of applying for scholarships ALL year round.Here is a list of 32scholarships to apply to over summer break. Some deadlines are as late as August 31st! Either way, summer break is a great time to knock-out some scholarship applicationsso you dont want to miss out!Theres still time left to apply for many May scholarships too, heres where you can find the list:Scholarships with May DeadlinesAnd if you are curious as to how we found these, check out our free training on how to uncover legitimate scholarships, 6 Steps to Quickly Secure Scholarships for College. This training is geared towards teaching parents what they need to know about paying for college so that you can help your child avoid student loan debt. To see when we are holding our next training, go to https://thescholarshipsystem.com/freewebinar.Enjoy!The Scholarship System TeamClick here to grab a copy of the list!32 Scholarships To Apply To Over Summer Break:Abbott Fenner General ScholarshipsAward: $1,000Deadline: June 14, 2019Eligibility:Available to all high school juniors and seniors as well as all students currently registered in any accredited post-secondary institutionNo GPA RequirementRequires EssayAllen Law Firm Scholarship ContestAward: $1,000Deadline: June 15, 2019Eligibility:You must either be a currently enrolled college student, or a high school senior who will graduate this year and attend college next yearYou must be citizen of the U.S.You must be attending a college or university in the U.SNo GPA RequirementRequires EssayDarrasLaw Annual ScholarshipAward: $2,500Deadline: December 31, 2019Eligibility:Applicants must be enrolled in an accredited college, university, or law school in the United States for the Spring and/or Fall of 2019GPA Requirement: No GPA requirementRequires EssayDolman Law Group College Scholarship Video Essay ContestAward: $1,100Deadline: June 29, 2019Eligibility:Must be currently attending or planning to attend a college or university during the 2019-2020 academic year.Must be in good academic standing with your current educational institutionFor applicants under 18, you must have permission from a parent or legal guardianMust apply to the contest via email and provide your name and the name of the institution you are attending or plan to attendNo GPA Requirement:Requires VideoDealhack Community Volunteer ScholarshipAward: $1,500Deadline: June 30, 2019Eligibility:Be enrolle d full-time at a college or university in the USA or Canada for the 2019-2020 academic year.Be in good standing with their current academic institution.Exemplify outstanding community volunteer involvement.Have permission from a parent or legal guardian if they are under the age of 18No GPA RequirementRequires EssayKey Thinker ScholarshipAward: $2,500Deadline: June 30, 2019Eligibility:Be 18 years or olderBe a US citizen or Permanent ResidentBe enrolled as a full-time student at an accredited college, university, or trade school in the United StatesGPA Requirement: 3.0 or higherRequires EssayHero Scholarship ProgramAward: $2,000Deadline: June 30, 2019Eligibility:Applicant may be any student who has been accepted at an accredited U.S. college or universityNo GPA RequirementRequires VideoPage Laws Scholarship Essay ContestAward: $1,000Deadline: July 1, 2019Eligibility:Applicants must be currently enrolled or planning to attend an accredited United States college or university during th e 2019-2020 academic yearNo GPA RequirementRequires EssaySterling Lawyers, LLC Annual College ScholarshipAward: $1,000Deadline: June 30, 2019Eligibility:Must be a resident of the United States.Must be enrolled full-time at an accredited four or two-year college or trade schoolGPA Requirement: 3.0 or higherRequires EssayAnnual General Education ScholarshipAward: $1,000Deadline: July 1, 2019Eligibility:All students who are currently enrolled in an accredited college are eligible to applyNo GPA RequirementRequires Essayhttps://paradigmsanfrancisco.com/general-education-scholarship/Award: $1,000Deadline: July 1, 2019Eligibility:Scholarship is open to college students attending an accredited collegeNo GPA requirementRequires Essay SellMax ScholarshipAward: $1,000Deadline: July 1, 2019Eligibility:Scholarship is open to incoming and current college studentsNo GPA requirementRequires EssaySolar ScholarshipAward: $1,000Deadline: July 1, 2019Eligibility:Scholarship is open to incoming and cur rent full-time students at accredited institutions of higher educationGPA requirement: 3.2 or higherRequires EssayThomas J. Henry Leadership Scholarship ProgramAward: $1,000Deadline: July 1, 2019Eligibility:Student must be enrolled in, or planning to enroll in, an accredited college or university. Applicants currently enrolled in a college or universityAvailable to all students ages 18 and over, at all levels from high school senior to graduate schoolGPA requirement: 2.8 or higherRequires EssayThe Ankin Law Office Offers Annual Academic ScholarshipAward: $2,500Deadline: July 15, 2019Eligibility:Scholarship is open to graduating high school seniors and current undergraduate, law school, and graduate school studentsNo GPA requirementRequires EssayThe Clark Law Office ScholarshipAward: $1,000Deadline: July 15, 2019Eligibility:Scholarship is open to U.S. citizens and permanent residents who will be attending law school in 2019 in the United StatesGPA requirement: 3.0 or higherRequires E ssayCreative Safety Supply ScholarshipAward: $1,000Deadline: July 15, 2019Eligibility:Scholarship is open to students currently enrolled in a college, university, or vocational schoolGPA requirement: 3.0 or higherRequires EssayChristensen Law ScholarshipAward: $1,000Deadline: July 15, 2019Eligibility:Scholarship is open to students who are attending a college or university in the United StatesNo GPA requirementEssay requiredDuffy Law ScholarshipAward: $1,000Deadline: July 15, 2019Eligibility:Scholarship is open to incoming and current undergraduate and graduate studentsNo GPA requirementEssay requiredGoldberg Weisman Cairo Annual ScholarshipAward: $1,000Deadline: July 16, 2019Eligibility:Scholarship is open to students who are attending a college or university in the United StatesGPA requirement: 3.0 or higherRequires EssayKeller Law Offices 2019 Academic Scholarship for Higher EducationAward: $1,000Deadline: July 15, 2019Eligibility:Scholarship is open to U.S. citizens and permanen t residents who will be enrolled full-time in an accredited community college, college or university, or accredited law school in the fallNo GPA requirementRequires EssayMainor Wirth Injury Lawyers Academic ScholarshipAward: $1,000Deadline: July 15, 2019Eligibility:Scholarship is open to 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students enrolled in a degree-granting program at an accredited two or four-year college or university in the United StatesNo GPA requirementRequires EssayGen and Kelly Tanabe ScholarshipAward: $1,000Deadline: July 31, 2019Eligibility:Scholarship is open to students in grades 9-12, college, or graduate school students who are legal U.S. residentsNo GPA requirementRequires EssayMarion Plastic Surgery Medical Spa ScholarshipAward: $500Deadline: July 31, 2019Eligibility:Scholarship is open to any current student of an accredited U.S. college or universityNo GPA requirementRequires EssayLamber-Goodnow Injury Law Team Education ScholarshipsAward: Multiple up to $1,000Deadline: July 31, 2019Eligibility :Scholarships are open to students enrolled at an accredited high school, college, or universityGPA requirement: 2.8 or higherRequires EssaySutliff Stout Annual Scholarship ContestAward: $2,500Deadline: August 1, 2019Eligibility:Scholarship is open to incoming and current college students who will be attending college during the fall of 2019No GPA requirementRequires EssayPumphrey Law ScholarshipAward: Up to $750Deadline: August 5, 2019Eligibility:Scholarship is open to U.S. residents who are accepted or currently enrolled in an accredited college or university in the U.S.No GPA requirementRequires EssayRobert J. 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The Difference Between Fabula and Sujet According to the Russian Formalists - Literature Essay Samples

Russian Formalism was a school of literary thought which emerged in Russia during the 1910’s. Members of this movement attempted to study literary language and literature according to scientific methods, and Peter Brooks states that they focussed on â€Å"calling attention to the material and the means of its making, showing how a given work is put together†[1]. According to Krystyna Pomorska, the Russian Formalists â€Å"explored several areas in an entirely new way†¦[and] undertook†¦an analysis of prose encompassing all of its structural components†[2]. One of the structural aspects of literature which came under Formalist analysis was the way in which the narrative events are presented. Pomorska states that â€Å"they showed sujet (plot) and fabula (storyline) as related but not at all identical factors†. In this essay, I will outline the differences between these two terms, using examples from both contemporary and classic literature. One of the key aims of the Russian Formalist movement was to distinguish systematically between that which was art, and that which was not. The influential Russian Formalist Victor Shklovsky outlined the Russian Formalist view of art by saying that â€Å"In a narrow sense we shall call a work artistic if it has been created by special devices whose purpose is to see to it that these artifacts are interpreted artistically as much as possible†[3]. Indeed, the Formalist ‘artistic piece’ in regards to literature, is the sujet. The fabula, on the other hand, is what Russian Formalist thinker Vladimir Propp referred to as a â€Å"periodical devoted to narrative art†[4] . The fabula, or story, is simply a chronological timespan of events, which can be manipulated and rearranged to form a sujet (plot). Shklovsky highlighted this as he argued that â€Å"As a matter of fact, the storyline is nothing more than material for plot formation†[5]. Metaphorically, th e fabula serves as a raw material, and the sujet serves as the structure which that raw material is used to construct. This was fitting with the Formalist focus on mechanical construction and how art is created over why it was created or what it was. However, Russian Formalists argued that in order for this material to be converted into an art form, artistic devices must be employed. As Lee T. Lemon highlights, the Russian Formalists aimed â€Å"to discuss the literariness of literature, to discuss that which makes literature different from other kinds of discourse. This quickly led the Formalists to distinguish between story and plot†[6]. Indeed, they aimed to isolate the art of literature from both other art forms, and from non-art forms. The sujet of a piece of literature was deemed to be what made it literature. It was, as Brooks describes, â€Å"the dynamic shaping force of the narrative discourse†[7]. When distinguishing between what was and wasn’t art, the opposite of art according to the Russian Formalists was real life. Artistic perception was deemed to be entirely different from normal perception. The aforementioned artistic devices served to skew the normal perception into something unfamiliar, abstract and subsequently artistic. In regards to the Russian Formalist thinker Tomashevsky, Lee T. Lemon argues that â€Å"The central distinction Tomashevsky makes is that between story and plot†¦his main concern is plot for that is where artistry lies; the story is a background against which elements of the plot are studied†[8]. This â€Å"background† is a set of events which occur in the nature and order that they would in reality. Victor Elrich summarizes Russian Formalist Jan Mukarovsky’s view by saying that â€Å"Literature signifies in a sense all the factors with which it comes into contact, e.g., the author, his milieu, his audience, without ever becoming a proxy for any one of them†[9]. In other words, although the sujet uses the fabula as a basis, it transforms it through artistic devices, becoming much more than a simple imitation of the real world. Through this distortion of perception, the Russian Formalists believed that de-familiarization was achieved, which they deemed to be a crucial part of literature. They argued that it allowed us to grasp the full potential of literary language and devices. Brooks says of the Formalist notions of fabula and sujet â€Å"We must†¦recognize that the apparent priority of fabula to sujet is in the nature of a mimetic illusion†¦ fabula is a mental construction that the reader derives from sujet, which is all that he ever directly knows†[10]. This supports the distinction between art and real life, as the fabula resonates in the audience’s experience of time and perception. However, it also highlights the relationship between the two, as the audience use their knowledge of real life perception to make sense of the de-familiarized piece of literature. In its most well-known form, the difference between the Formalist ideas of the terms fabula and sujet has its roots in its relation to the order of events in a piece of literature. The fabula, or story, is essentially a chronological order of events as they would have happened in the real world. Sujet, or plot, on the other hand, refers to the order of events as they appear within in a piece of literature. For example, the use of flash backs and flash forwards as a narrative device would mean that the order of events in the sujet are different to the order of events in the fabula. The beginning, middle and end as portrayed in the sujet may not correlate with the beginning, middle and end chronologically. Shklovsky describes an effect of this artistic device on literature as he argues that â€Å"In order to impede the action†¦the artist resorts not to witches and magic potions but to a simple transposition of its parts.†[11] An example of the artistic transportation of a f abula’s parts can be observed in Martin Amis’ Time’s Arrow, which essentially tells a man’s life story in reverse chronological order. This is done from the perspective of a secondary consciousness of the main character, who experiences everything backwards with no control over the man’s actions. Due to this narrative style, the events as they would have occurred in real life (the fabula) are largely distorted and purposely easy to misunderstand. For example, the main character of the novel, who was really a Holocaust doctor, is perceived to be a bringer of life and healer of the sick, as the torture and murder he inflicts is recounted in reverse. Here, the Formalist distinction between fabula and sujet seems well founded, as the use of the artistic device of transposing events leaves us with an entirely different piece of literature both in style and in meaning. The notion of the sujet being the true art form, rather than the fabula, is also suppo rted as Time’s Arrow effectively disjoints itself from the reality we know to displace the simplest ideas of cause and effect. For example, acts of injury become acts of healing, and death becomes life or rebirth.[12] Another artistic device which separates the fabula from the sujet is narration from an unusual, or unreliable, perspective. For example, a child narrator, an untruthful narrator, or a person who is mentally ill. Like the transportation of events, this kind of narrative device allows people to see the real word through a lens of de-familiarization, through the eyes of another person rather than the artistic ordering of time. An example of this device in employment can be seen in J.D Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye. The audience’s perception of the fabula is effectively hindered as it is seen through the eyes of a depressed, pessimistic teenage boy. Holden Caulfield’s view of the world and of people is one of harsh criticism and negativity. He see’s people as phonies, and harshly judges almost everyone and everything he comes into contact with. Here, the Russian Formalist separation of fabula and sujet shows off its strengths as a theory as the use of an u nreliable and non-standard narrator effectively displaces the novel from reality. What it becomes is an artistic literary representation of teenage angst and isolation of the other. The reality of events of the fabula become more likely to differ from the events described in the plot based on the fact that Holden is shown to be a self-confessed liar. He lies to various characters he meets, including pretending to have a brain tumour, and even says of himself â€Å": â€Å"Im the most terrific liar you ever saw in your life. Its awful.† Therefore, it is safe to assume that his lies are likely to carry over into his narration. [13] Another example of non-standard narration turning a fabula into an artistic sujet can be seen in Jack London’s novel White Fang. London, although narrating from a third person perspective, does so in such a way that the wolf-dogs are often the main focus, and the narration is through their eyes. This causes the reader to become completely de- familiarized from the finished sujet as the human world and human actions are both shown from the largely alien and outsider perspective of a different species.[14] Non-linear chronology and non-standard narration are often used as artistic devices in novels, but in poetry the fabula is also often transformed into art through language devices such as alliteration, assonance, imagery and rhythm. Bijay Kumar Das argues that, under Russian Formalism, â€Å"poetic language disrupts ordinary language just as plot disrupts story. Ordinary language is the logical and sequential order of words just as story is a logical order of motifs†[15]. In other words, just as the fabula of a novel consists of events in their real life nature, and in their chronological order, the fabula of a poem consists of everyday language describing an event, object or situation. Like with a novel, this fabula serves as the material for the artistic sujet, which is constructed using poetic language devices. The artistic devices in poetry can be seen to effectively achieve the Russian Formalist notion of de-familiarizing the audience from real life through language rathe r than through the presentation of events. For example, in Sylvia Plath’s poem Daddy, artistic language devices, in particular the use of metaphors and similes, transform the simple description of her relationship with her father into something unfamiliar, darker and altogether more powerful. The narrator compares her father to a Nazi through imagery such as a â€Å"swastika† and her father’s â€Å"Aryan eye†. She also compares herself to a Jew, forming a powerful Holocaust metaphor. This hyperbolic imagery shows her relationship with her father less for what it actually was, and more for how her mind may have processed it. Of course, it is unlikely that it was anywhere near comparable to the Holocaust, but to her it felt that way. The audience, therefore becomes estranged from the sujet of the poem, due to the unfamiliarity of a father daughter relationship being compared to an atrocity such as the Holocaust. The sujet of Plath’s poem is essential ly an artistic expression of pain and feeing as oppose to being a simple description of real life events[16]. In conclusion, the Russian formalist distinction between fabula and sujet is often seen as a distinction based on order of events; it is the idea of chronological order versus artistic order. However, on a wider level the formalist separation of the two terms is predominantly based on their distinction between art and real life. The fabula is simply an everyday story in both order of events, and in the style of narration. The sujet, on the other hand, was what the formalists saw as art. Russian formalism focussed greatly on the mechanical construction of literature, and how it was made. In turn, the fabula came to be viewed as a raw material for the creation of the sujet. Multiple artistic devices could be used, including transposition of events, non-standard narrators, and poetic language devices in order to de-familiarize literature from everyday life and the real world. The sujet therefore, was essentially an artistic presentation of the fabula after it had been taken apart and re constructed into a work of formalist artistic value. Bibliography AMIS, Martin. Time’s Arrow. London: Vintage, 2003. BROOKS, Peter. Reading for the Plot: Design and Intention in Narrative. New York: Harvard University Press, 1992. ELRICH, Victor. Russian Formalism: History – A Doctrine. The Hague: Walter De Gruyter, 1980. KUMAR DAS, Bijay. Twentieth Century Literary Criticism. Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Dist, 2005. LEMON, Lee T. and Marion J. Reis, eds. Russian Formalist Criticism: Four Essays. Nebraska: U of Nebraska Press, 1965. LONDON, Jack. White Fang. New York: Dover Publications, [1906] 1991. PLATH, Sylvia. â€Å"Daddy†. In Ariel, edited by Sylvia Plath. London: Faber and Faber, 1968. POMORSKA, Krystyna. â€Å"Poetics of Prose.† In Verbal Art, Verbal Sign, Verbal Time, edited by Krystyna Pomorska and Stephen Rudy, 169 – 177. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1985. PROPP, Vladimir. Theory and History of Folklore. Translated by Ariadna Y. Martin and Richard P. Martin. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1984. SALINGER, J.D. The Catcher in the Rye. New York: Little, Brown and Company, [1951] 1991. SHKLOVSKY, Viktor. Theory of Prose. Translated by Benjamin Sher. Illinois: Dalkey Archive Press, 1991. [1] Peter Brooks, Reading for the Plot: Design and Intention in Narrative (New York: Harvard University Press, 1992), 14. [2] Krystyna Pomorska, â€Å"Poetics of Prose†, in Verbal Art, Verbal Sign, Verbal Time, eds. Krystyna Pomorska and Stephen Rudy (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1985), 169. [3] Viktor Shklovsky, Theory of Prose, trans. Benjamin Sher (Illinois: Dalkey Archive Press, 1991), 2. [4] Vladimir Propp, Theory and History of Folklore, trans. Ariadna Y. Martin and Richard P. Martin (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1984), 76. [5] Shklovsky, Theory of Prose, 170. [6] Lee T. Lemon and Marion J. Reis, eds., Russian Formalist Criticism: Four Essays (Nebraska: U of Nebraska Press, 1965), 25. [7] Brooks, Reading for the Plot, 13. [8] Lemon and Reis, Russian Formalist Criticism, 61. [9] Victor Elrich, Russian Formalism: History – A Doctrine (The Hague: Walter de Gruyter, 1980), 209. [10] Brooks, Reading for the Plot, 13. [11]Shklovsky, Theory of Prose, 170. [12] Martin Amis, Time’s Arrow (London: Vintage, 2003) [13] J.D Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye (New York: Little, Brown and Company, [1951] 1991). [14] London, Jack, White Fang (New York: Dover Publications, [1906] 1991). [15] Bijay Kumar Das, Twentieth Century Literary Criticism (Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Dist, 2005), 83. [16] Sylvia Plath, â€Å"Daddy†, in Ariel ed. Sylvia Plath (London: Faber and Faber, 1968).

The Effect Of Myth Of Society - 859 Words

The Effects of Myth of Society Without myths, society would be full of heathens and miscreants with no manners or virtues. Throughout history, myths have given people guidelines to live their lives by. If one considers the bible a myth, then you can clearly see how myth has given man the humane characteristics the human races possesses today. Another way that myths have guided man into what he is today is that before history was recorded, myths were used to recount tales of old. George Santayana is famous for stating, â€Å"Those who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat it†. Myths have shaped the human race into what it is today by teaching them how to be a respectable human being and how to establish a flourishing society. Myth has always been the foundation of societies and many different cultures’ ways of life. Indian culture includes examples of such myths which instilled righteous virtues into the culture. The Mahabharata contains a myth named â€Å"The Virtue of Compassion† that speaks about the sky god Indra walking upon a bird in a dead tree. The bird refuses to leave, even though the tree is dead, because he has lived in the tree his whole life. Indra asks the bird: â€Å"‘Why don’t you leave this tree? It is almost completely dead.† But the parrot replied, ‘I cannot leave this tree. I was born here; for my entire life, this tree has given me a home, food to eat, and refuge from my enemies. How could I ever leave such a faithful friend?’† (Bierlein p. 156). Indra isShow MoreRelatedEssay on Mythological Gender Profiling and the Women of Greece811 Words   |  4 PagesGreece In the myths of the Centauromachy and the Amazonomachy, the Greeks found a manuscript for moral and disciplinary guidance in their dealings with the women of the time. By assigning the women of Greece hybris, Greek men targeted the women of Greece to intense programs of subjugation and social retribution in order to prevent the emergence of Centaurian or Amazonian traits, which would destroy the patriarchal nature of Archaic Greek culture. Generally, Greek myths tend to exemplify genderRead MoreRape Culture And Rape Myths1634 Words   |  7 Pagesourselves from strangers and as we got older, females were told to protect themselves from getting raped. In this paper, I will discuss how living in a rape culture affects women and men, how does rape myths affect society and how we can change the negative effects of living in a rape culture and rape myths. In order to understand this, we must first define what rape is. Rape is unwanted sexual attentions or actions that are directed to a person. Rape can happen to anyone but it is most common to happenRead MoreGreek Mythology Of Ancient Greece1551 Words   |  7 Pagesare just a few of the many wonders Ancient Greece had to offer. However, one of the most memorable creations of Ancient Greece would have to be Greek mythology. These myths included hundreds of stories and teachings that would have a lasting effect on Greek culture for centuries to come. When taking a deeper look into some of these myths, one may notice gender and sexual behavior to be themes that occur quite frequently. One also cannot help but notice that some social conditions in Ancient Greece,Read MoreModern Day American Society By Aaron Devor s Bros Before Hos : The Guy Code ``1635 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican society, yet it is the root of all gender relations. The widely accepted notion that men naturally evolved to become the superior sex is a myth. Aaron Devor’s â €Å"Becoming Members of Society: Learning the Social Meanings of Gender,† and Michael Kimmel’s â€Å"Bros Before Hos: The Guy Code,† both argue that the gender hierarchy America has been built upon is the product of socialization. Devor s essay, written more like a research paper, focuses on explaining the origins of the gender myth throughRead MoreThe Rape Myth Embedded Within Society Preventing Women From Gaining Justice Within The Legal System Essay1679 Words   |  7 Pageswith men, despite the many advances, society still has a long way to go in addressing the issue of gender inequality. One major factor that keeps women from achieving gender equality is the many rape myths that are associated with sexual assaults. The rape myths that are deeply embedded within the Canadian legal system and society continues to have a detrimental effect on women. Using the R. v. Ewanchuck case I argue that the rape myths embedded within society prevent women from gaining j ustice withinRead MoreChallenging Aging Stereotypes : Strategies For Creating A More Active Society Essay1548 Words   |  7 PagesIn Dr. Marcia Ory’s article titled Challenging Aging Stereotypes: Strategies for Creating a More Active Society, many common misconceptions about the elderly are presented and disputed, while also addressing the effect these stereotypes have on the elderly’s view of themselves and how it affects their physical wellbeing. Solutions to getting the older population active and engaged while taking care of their bodies are also presented. This assessment provides a comprehensive breakdown of these topicsRead MoreThe Rape Of Sexual Violence1642 Words   |  7 Pagesit happens after drinking or taking drugs†: these quotes about rape are few to the numerous myths that circulate society today. 1 out of every 6 American women has been sexually assaulted, yet this statistic is only from victims who come forward (Victims of Sexual Violence: Statistics†). The problem in America today is the â€Å"Rape Culture† in which we live. A Rape Culture is defined as a â€Å"rape prevalent society in which sexual violence is normalized and excused through pop culture and media† (â€Å"SouthernRead MoreThe Working Poor: Invisibe in America Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesShipler he captures those Americans who live invisible in America that work so hard to suffer from the psychological effects of poverty. Not only does Shipler do that but he also indirectly talks about the â€Å"American Myth† and the â€Å"American Anti Myth through the lives on these individuals.† In The Working Poor Shipler goes on to explain both of the myths. Shipler states that the American Myth â€Å"still supposes that any individual from the humblest origins can climb to well-being† (Shipler, pg.5), but theRead MoreThe Beauty Myth By Naomi Wolf1435 Words   |  6 PagesThe novel The Beauty Myth by Naomi Wolf focuses highly on feminism in today’s times. Throughout the novel the author describes different situations in which women are stereotypically viewed. So many women believe that the real meaning of beauty is what is shown on the television. Many end up disregarding their opinions and instead molding it into the views of their peers. The author argues that some women are being victims by; work, media, religion, sex, violence, and hunger. Beauty was once seenRead More Creation In Mythology Essay703 Words   |  3 Pagesto person further molded these myths into a realistic fantasy that not only defined the people that held them, but captured believers that, in effect, became religion. As wide as cultural boundaries may seem, the myths that exist in different societies exhibit a common thread of understanding, whether it be character personas or moral comprehension. Three myths that demonstrate similarities in the development of â€Å"forces,† are the Japan, Polynesian, and Babylonian myths. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In

How Income Inequality Affects Minority Workers

It’s no secret that white households in the United States take in significantly more income than black and Latino households do, fueling racial inequality. What’s to blame for this discrepancy? It’s not just that whites work in higher paying jobs than their minority counterparts do. Even when whites and minorities both work in the same field—management, for instance—these income gaps don’t disappear. Women and people of color continue to bring home less than white men do because of the pervasiveness of income inequality. A vast amount of research indicates that minority workers are literally being shortchanged in their paychecks. The Effect of the Great Recession The Great Recession of 2007 had an adverse effect on all American workers. For African  American and Hispanic laborers in particular, the recession proved devastating. The racial wealth gap that existed before the economic downturn only widened. In a study called â€Å"State of Communities of Color in the U.S. Economy,† the Center for American Progress (CAP) pinpointed just how much minority employees suffered during the recession. The study found that blacks and Latinos brought in on average $674 and $549, respectively, per week. Meanwhile, whites earned $744 per week, and Asians earned $866 per week during the fourth quarter of 2011. Contributing to this pay gap is that higher numbers of African Americans and Hispanics than whites and Asians worked in jobs that paid minimum wage or less. The amount of black minimum wage workers rose by 16.6 percent from 2009 to 2011, and the number of Latino minimum wage workers rose by 15.8 percent, CAP found. On the other hand, the number of white minimum wage workers rose by just 5.2 percent. The amount of Asian minimum wage workers actually dropped by 15.4 percent. Occupational Segregation In February 2011, the Economic Policy Institute released a paper about racial disparities in income called â€Å"Whiter Jobs, Higher Wages.† The paper suggests that occupational segregation contributes to racial gaps in the pay scale. EPI found that â€Å"in occupations where black men are underrepresented, the average annual salary is $50,533; in occupations where black men are overrepresented, the average annual salary is $37,005, more than $13,000 less.† Black men are extremely underrepresented in â€Å"construction, extraction, and maintenance† jobs but overrepresented in the service sector. Turns out the former employment sector pays quite a bit more than the latter service sector. Disparities Remain When All Else Is Equal Even when African Americans work in prestigious fields, they earn less than whites. Black Enterprise magazine conducted a study which found that blacks with degrees in computer networking and telecommunications will likely earn $54,000, while their white peers can expect to take home $56,000. The gap widens among architects. African American architects average a salary of $55,000, but white architects average $65,000. African Americans with degrees in management information systems and statistics are especially shortchanged. While they typically earn $56,000, whites in the field earn $12,000 more. How Women of Color Are Shortchanged Because they suffer from both racial and gender barriers, women of color experience more income inequality than others. When President Barack Obama declared April 17, 2012, â€Å"National Equal Pay Day,† he discussed the wage discrimination that minority female workers specifically face. He remarked, â€Å"In 2010—47 years after President John F. Kennedy signed the Equal Pay Act of 1963—women who worked full-time earned only 77 percent of what their male counterparts did. The pay gap was even greater for African American and Latina women, with African American women earning 64 cents and Latina women earning 56 cents for every dollar earned by a Caucasian man.† Given that more women of color head households than white women do, these discrepancies in pay are truly worrisome. President Obama said that equal pay is not only a basic right but also a necessity for women who serve as the primary breadwinners in their homes. It’s not just women of color who suffer from wage discrimination, of course. The Economic Policy Institute found that in 2008, black men earned just 71 percent of what Caucasian men earned. While black men earned on average $14.90 per hour, whites earned $20.84 per hour.

The Effects of Nature or Nurture on Early Human...

Human development is a very complex process – from conception to death. There has been a long debate on whether human development is determined by nature or nurture. If their growths were all guided by nature only, they would all be born with a mind of â€Å"blank slate†. This means that they do not have any inborn ability to do anything when they are born. On the other hand, if their growth was determined by nurture only, it would mean that they were fully equipped with all the skills they need in their lives when we are born. In other words, all the physical and mental skills they have right now would have been inherited from their parents and the environment they grow up in has no effect. This essay will focus on the effects of both†¦show more content†¦This is because they are born with the same set of muscles and bones that they learn how to use – the â€Å"nature† part of motor development. However, it is important to notice that the ra te of learning these motor skills differ due to the â€Å"nurture† side of development. For example, an infant that practices walking with its parent may start walking on its own earlier than another infant that received no help. Also, an infant that receives much visual and auditory stimulation, such as playing with toys, develops its motor skills faster than an infant that received none. While the baby continues to learn how to move around on its own, it also learns how to talk – an extremely important skill. Speech development is also determined by both nature and nurture. All babies that are born with no birth defects are equipped with physiological requirements for speech: lungs, voice box, and mouth. They also need a properly working brain and nerves to control these body parts and to mentally form sentences. These form the nature part of the speech development because they are the things that the babies are born with. However, they could be useless if the baby does not learn how to use them properly, and this is where the nurture part of the speech development comes in. A baby that is constantly spoken to by others learns how to talk faster. In an opposite case, a babyShow MoreRelatedThe Debate On Nature Versus Nurture Essay969 Words   |  4 Pagesdetermine its form† (Fraser). The debate on nature versus Nurture has been a mystery for years now, constantly begging the question on what has a greater effect on the human development of humans. Is human behavior, ideas, and feelings innate or are they learned over time. Nature, or genetic influences, are formed before birth and shaped through early experiences. Genes are viewed as long and complicated chains that are present thought life and develop over time. Nature supporters believe that genes formRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Is It Nature Working With Nurture?1550 Words   |  7 PagesIs the question really Nature versus Nurture or is it Nature working with Nurture? These two forces work together to form a person throughout his or her life. Some scientists believe that personality is based on genetic predispositions, which is known as nature. Other scientists believe the way a person acts is from life experiences, the way a person is taught, and the environment in which a person grew up is known as nurture. In all honesty, the two go hand in hand. One side may pull a b it harderRead MoreThe Effect Of Environmental And Genetics On The Development Of A Person1000 Words   |  4 Pagesgenetic background plays more of a role in the development of a person. Both nature and nurture have been proven to play an important role in one’s development. 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He believed that believedRead MoreNature Vs Nurture Debate1343 Words   |  6 Pagespsychologist since the phrase was created in 1869 is â€Å"Nature vs Nurture†. Although the debate was started well before then, 1869 was the first time it was tied to the debate. The nature vs nurture debate is over whether you get your behavior from genetics, what you inherited from your biological parents, or if they are learned characteristics, what you learn from the environment and what you get taught. The debate can be traced back to early western philosophy and is still relevant today. In theRead MoreJames Flynn s Creation Of The Flynn Effect925 Words   |  4 Pagesare currently still arguing whether intelligence is inherited or acquired. Nature is focuses more on genetics an d hormones while. Nurture, on the other hand, focuses on external factors that have an influence on individuals. Regarding the intelligence debate in Psychology, the most important factor is nurture/environment. One piece of evidence that supports nurture in this debate is James Flynn’s creation of the Flynn effect. During the 1960s and 70s intelligence tests were improving. A huge riseRead MoreNature vs. Nurture1218 Words   |  5 Pagespart in making who they are? In the nature vs. nurture controversy, nature proclaims that our genetic make-up plays the primary role in human development, while nurture declares that our environment dictates our development. The nature vs. nurture controversy is an age old question in the scientific and psychological world with both camps having evidence to support their theories. The controversy lies in which is more influential in the development of human beings. While there is no definitiveRead MoreThe Meaning of Nature and Nurture in Psychology Essay1192 Words   |  5 PagesThe Meaning of Nature and Nurture in Psychology The nature nurture dichotomy is a theme always present in many areas of psychology. But is it right to talk about it as a dichotomy? , Certainly not. To say so would be like stating that they never act together, that they are contradictory and exclusive oneRead MoreNature Nurture Debate922 Words   |  4 PagesThe nature versus nurture debate is the scientific, cultural, and philosophical debate about whether human culture, behavior, and personality are caused primarily by nature or nurture. Within the field of psychology, this so-called nature-nurture debate, is very often associated with the issue of intellectual quotient, better known as IQ. In the past psychologists have argued that the way in which a child developed was based solely on nature, genetic or hormone-based behaviors, or nurture, environmentRead MoreThe Role Of Nature And Nurture Development At Childhood Stages1603 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood Development Student’s Name University Name â€Æ' Childhood Development Introduction Twins who have the same genetic makeup raised up in a different environment have portrayed variation in performance and other dynamics of intelligence quotients, physical development, and socioemotional development. Research on adoptions has also revealed interesting results concerning biological and nature in the development of the children. Therefore, this raises the question about the roles of nature and nurture

Terrorism Between Terrorism And Terrorism - 1852 Words

Terrorism in the twenty-first century has become an important phenomenon, as well as a key security issue for most countries. The 9/11 attacks on the World Trade and the Pentagon demonstrated the damaging impacts of such attacks. Since then, large-scale attacks have grown which establish the ongoing terrorist campaigns that continue over time, including the attacks in Iraq since the US invasion. The attacks not only constitute a threat but instead the cumulative effects of such operations are also very important. Fatality numbers also confirm the growing vulnerability of civilians everywhere to terrorism. (Collins, 2009) Terrorism has never been a new concern, but it has only become more prominent due to the relatively recent attacks on the West including the Charlie Hebdo attacks in Paris in January. Terrorism by definition is difficult to describe and the definition tends to vary widely, but they usually start at a common point of departure. Most scholars, including Lutz, interprets terrorism as a ‘pejorative concept used to create power in situations in which power has previously been lacking.’ (Lutz et al. 2005) Baylis et al. defines it as ‘the use of violence by sub-state groups to inspire fear, by attacking civilians and/or symbolic targets, for purposes such a drawing widespread attention to a grievance, provoking a severe response, to effect political change.’ (Bayis et al. 2010) However recently the definition of terrorism has started to evolve. A modern tendencyShow MoreRelatedTerrorism Between Terrorism And Terrorism1207 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion † What trends are evident in terrorism over the past 5 years? How have these trends impacted on the ways in which counter terrorism has responded in the Australian context? Introduction Terrorism poses a serious security challenge to the Australia and globally as it prevalence has increased over a decade although less attacks occur in the Western nations. The purpose of this assignment is to examine what trends and terrorist tactics are evident internationally over the past 5 years andRead MoreTerrorism Between Terrorism And Terrorism2012 Words   |  9 PagesTerrorism has played a brutal and alarming role in societies across the world. Many nations have been confronted with the need to develop solutions in the wake of tragedies caused by terrorism. Unfortunately, terrorist organizations are still operating and terrorist acts have continued. Many questions that have still gone unanswered despite careful study, but governments are finding some relief when collaborating with anti-terrorism organizations (Fischer, 2002). Terrorists have struck almost everywhereRead MoreTerrorism Between Terrorism And Terrorism1793 Words   |  8 Pagesprinciple aim of preventing terrorism and anticipating potential terrorist threats to the community. There are both positive and negative implications of counter-terrorism policing in the administration of justice in Australia. This essay will explore these implications and discuss how such matters affect Australians. In specifically negative effects such as counter-terrorism operations often being directed at specific groups, defined on the basis of origin or religion. Terrorism comes from the FrenchRead MoreThe Tensions Between Terrorism And Islamic Terrorism1105 Words   |  5 Pagesadmit it or not. Religion finding home in a political system often leads to military actions against countries based in opposing religions. This paper will discuss the recent referendum in Turkey, the recent European immigration crisis and Islamic terrorism, the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian struggle in Israel, and American and European ideals in general. First, let us discuss Turkey. Since the 1920s, Turkey has been the shining example that secularism can work in a dominantly Muslim country. MustafaRead MoreThe Difference between Terrorism and Domestic Terrorism Essay1104 Words   |  5 PagesThe terms terrorism and domestic terrorism are very similar concepts. There are, however, slight differences in each. Entities that are apart of the Government have slightly different ways of explaining what they believe to be the correct definition of terrorism and domestic terrorism. In this paper the author will offer definitions of the two terms and state which one they agree with the most. The author will also state how the two terms are best differentiated. The Federal Bureau of InvestigationRead MoreIs There a Fundamental Difference between Religious Terrorism and Secular Terrorism?3859 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿Is there a fundamental difference between religious terrorism and secular terrorism? Introduction Terrorism has existed as long ago as classical times although its modern counterpart has appeared during the French Revolution with Montesquieus Reign of Terror. More recently, terrorism has assumed a new guise with much of its deeds perpetrated in the name of religion. Although religious terrorism is popularly associated with Islamism, it is not necessarily so. Almost all religions have startedRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Terrorism967 Words   |  4 PagesTerrorism in the twenty-first century has some similarities and differences from terrorism in the twentieth century. Terrorism is, in its broadest sense, the use or threatened use of violence in order to achieve a political, religious, or ideological aim. Also useful to remember that because the two entities involved, the terrorists and the terrorized, are on the opposite end of the political, religious or ideological continuum, the same act is viewed by them differently. There is much sense in theRead MoreA Disti nction Between War And Terrorism1849 Words   |  8 PagesA distinction between war and terrorism, and from where terrorism emerged. Within the history of humanity, war and violence has its origins deeply rooted amongst almost all cultures. Terrorism is a relatively young concept. The differences between war and terrorism are essential in understanding the social distinctions between both forms of aggression. The common phrase, ‘All is fair in love and war,’ suggests that acts of aggression are acceptable because of the context, almost expected. The wordRead MoreThe Link Between Drugs And Terrorism2274 Words   |  10 PagesHumberto Corral Professor – Andy Homeland Security 11 October 2014 Narcoterrorism – The link between Drugs and Terrorism INTRO - 1 EXTREME VIOLENT ACTS OF TERROR 5 OPERATIONS 6 FINANCIALS 8 SUMMARY – ARE DRUGS AND TERRORISM LINKED? 9 INTRO - Drug cartels perform brutal criminal activities such as terrorism in the United States apart from sale of drug trafficking, money laundering, kidnappings for Ransom and the sale of illegal weapons in the United States. The presence of criminal activities goesRead MoreAffiliation Between Counter-Terrorism and Terrorism: Analysis of Whittakers Case Study648 Words   |  3 PagesTerrorism Name Institutional Affiliation Date: Terrorism This is an analysis of Whittakers case study whereby the affiliation between counterterrorism and terrorism has been displayed. Some incidents that take place are inclusive of political extremism rather than terrorism itself. This exists as an order of displaying the function official action or specifically overreaction incidents terrorism from above and circuitous, cyclic pattern, which eventually leads to the terrorism. The definition

Surgical Management Medical and Nursing Practices

Question: Discuss about the Surgical Management for Medical and Nursing Practices. Answer: Introduction Surgical management is a very crucial part in medical and nursing practices. The patients undergoing surgery needs additional care, attention and education, which are delivered by the nurse assigned to the patient (Edis, Grant Egdahl, 2012). In accidental cases, usually, the patient undergoes massive pain and other complications. In this situation, nurses have to handle the critical situation tactfully. They have to use their critical thinking and problem solving skills to deal with those situations. Assessment is very important in these cases, as the chance of infection and other related complications are very common in the surgical cases. In this assignment, the surgical management of a 24 year old male patient, Mark Mason would be discussed, who has undergone a motorbike accident and his left leg has been injured. Thus, he immediately needs surgical management. In addition, pain management is also very important in this case. The nursing staffs are responsible for monitoring and completing the pre and postoperative assessment of the patient to evaluate the vital signs of the patients, based on which the interventions are planned. Here, in this assignment, after discussing the background and the patients current condition, the management of the patients situation and the potential complications would be discussed. Background of the condition The assignment is focused on the 24 years old male, Mark Mason, who had undergone a motorbike accident, while riding in the bush. When he was taken to the hospital, he revealed pain in his lower left leg, which was rated 9/10 with deformity, significant swelling and a 5cm lacerated wound. Upon an x-ray, the result revealed an open fracture of the left tibia and fibula. Thus, the orthopedic team has decided to undergo a surgery for the open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the fracture. The repair process would include the insertion of a metal rod and screws for fixing the fractured bone (Fishman, 2012). When his pre-operative assessment was done, it was seen that his left leg is in a split cast. His vital signs during the pre-operative assessment shown 36.4C body temperature, 80 bpm heart rate, 18 per minute respiratory rate, oxygen saturation at room temperature at room temperature was 95%, BP was 136/72, which can be considered as approximately normal blood pressure. Howev er, the pain score was 10/10 in his left leg. Therefore, before the surgery, he was experiencing the worst pain, that can be experienced by a person. Therefore, pain management is very important in Marks intervention plan. Management Mark has undergone a massive injury in his left leg, thus he has been brought to an emergency department and his case has been classified as a surgical emergency. The medical team has decided to undergo an open fracture surgery for Marks recovery. In this context, it has been revealed that pre-operative management is very important for Mark, as he is in an emergency and having severe pain (Clarke et al., 2012). Therefore, the nurse has to prioritize his physical needs initially. For this, the nurse has to go through his medical history and assess his current condition. Physical examination and assessment The initial management priority for this patient would be the overall assessment of the patient. Initially, the nurse would have to prioritize the nursing goals. The initial goal will be the establishment of therapeutic relationship with the patient. For this, the nurse has to communicate with the patient properly. As the patient is suffering from an emergency condition, his self-esteem would be very low, which needs to be enhanced. Through the effective communication, the nurse can enhance patients self-confidence and hope for faster recovery. After the establishment of the therapeutic relationship, investigation of the medical history would be the initial priority (Townsend et al., 2012). Mark would be asked about his drug allergies, regular medication (if any) and other medical history. Then his vital signs would be assessed again including his BP, BGL, RR, oxygen saturation at room temperature, HR. Then, the nurse would assess the condition of the injured area. The rationale behi nd the initial assessment is the reduction of misinterpretation during the decision-making about his nursing interventions and surgical procedures. Physical examination would include examination of the wound, as it has shown that his left leg is in a split cast (Mast, Jakob Ganz, 2012). The examination revealed inflammation of the injury and deformity. Another vital investigation would be the level of consciousness of the patient and the amount of blood loss due to the injury. These assessments are prioritized, as the unconsciousness and massive blood loss, if left untreated, may lead to fatal consequences. Finally, the nurse has to ensure that Marks stomach is empty. Pain management Mark has experienced an injury in his left leg upon experiencing a motorbike accident. His left leg was diagnosed with an open fracture of tibia and fibula bone. As a result of this deep injury, he was experiencing massive pain in his left leg. Thus, assessment of pain is one of the major priorities for Mark. Pain management is one of the key aspects of surgical management. When Mark was brought to the emergency department of the hospital, his pain score was 9 out of 10. Therefore, it can be said he was facing massive but tolerable pain in his leg. As his pain was severe, pain management is very important for Mark (Miller, Margules Raikin, 2012). During the assessment, a pain scale was used and it was revealed that his pain was 10 out of 10, that means, his pain has been increased and now he is feeling the most severe pain, which one can suffer from. Therefore, immediately the patient needs to be relaxed through pain management. As the patient is not allowed to eat or drink anything before surgery, thus intravenous medication for managing his pain can be administered to Mark. In addition, other procedures for managing his pain can be applied (Carlino, Bartolo Jennings, 2012), which includes the relaxation techniques. Pain alleviating medications are usually not applied before surgery. However, as Mark is experiencing the most severe and intolerable pain; instead of oral pain medication, mild pain alleviating medication, that do not contain aspirin or NSAIDS can be administered intravenously. Wound and infection management Mark has an open fracture in his left leg and the injured area has been swollen along with a 5 cm lacerated wound. As the injury is open to air, the chance of infection is very high. Infection in the injured area can lead to tissue necrosis and deterioration of Marks health status. Thus, management of the wound is very important during the pre-operative state (Choi et al., 2012). The nurse has to examine his wound very carefully and should wash the blood properly. The nurse should ensure that the operation table and instruments are sterile enough to reduce the transmission of infection during operation. Finally, the patients consent should be taken for the operation, which is a very essential ethical concern for the medical professional. Pre-operative education for Mark Patient education is an effective approach for enhancing patient satisfaction. Initially, the patient is educated about his situation and then the pros and cons of the surgical process would be discussed. Patient education is very important nowadays, as greater awareness enhances the chance of patients recovery. When a patient is aware of the positive side of the surgical process, self-confidence would be enhanced, which will positively contribute to his recovery. On the other hand, the awareness about the negative sides and risk factor would eliminate the chance of misinterpretation and false hope of the patient (Dunn, Ganapathy Chan, 2012). Here, Mark will be educated about his injury, about the problem he is having and the chance of his recovery. The entire surgical procedure will also be discussed with him, but the procedure will be brief, as he is suffering from massive pain and relaxation is the best way of relief. After explaining the surgical procedure, he will be explained about the precautions needed after surgery and then his informed consent would be collected. The side effects of the medication would also be discussed with him. Other members of the interdisciplinary team involved in the management of Mark In the management of Mark, there would other members, who will play significant roles in the surgical management of Mark. These members would include the other members of orthopedic team. They are the orthopedic physician of Mark, the surgeon, the physiotherapist, the anesthesiologist, circulating and scrub nurse and the hospital staff. The positive contribution of each member in the interdisciplinary team additively enhances the success of the surgical management. In case of Mark, the surgeon would lead the interdisciplinary team. The scrub nurse would assist the surgeon in the operation theater, while handling the correct instruments. On the other hand, the registered nurse would be responsible for setting up the operation theater for Mark (Elgazzar, 2012). Preparing Mark for operation and communication about all of his personal and medical needs would be addressed by the registered nurse. The anesthesiologist is responsible for administering the appropriate anesthesia before surgery and monitoring the vital signs of the patient after the procedure. It is important for surgery. The physiotherapist would also be involved in the team, who will educate Mark about his exercise plan after the surgery, which would promote his recovery. A dietician and some other hospital staffs would also be involved. The dietician woul d ensure the proper diet for Mark after surgery, for reducing the chance of sepsis. Potential complication There are several potential complications related to Marks open fracture surgery. The acute complications related to the bone fracture are usually occurring as a result of the initial trauma and include neurovascular and soft tissue damage, localized contamination, blood loss and infection. Systematic complications include fat embolism, shock and thromboembolism. The local complications include vascular injury, haemarthrosis, fracture blisters, tissue damage and wound infection (Miller, Margules Raikin, 2012). The most common complication is the chance of infection at the area of injury. As Mark has a 5 cm Lacerated wound, it shows high chance of infection, if left untreated. Therefore, the professionals have to take good care of Marks wound to ensure the absence of infection and sepsis. Sometimes, problems with bone healing, such as non-union, delayed union and malunion are also seen. Physicians have to ensure the elimination of all the risk factors and the factors predisposing inf ection and other complications. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be said that the bone fracture can lead to severe complications, if not handled properly. Each members of the interdisciplinary team has made significant contributions in the surgical management of a patient. In this assignment, the focus was the young male Mark, who underwent a bike accident followed by a massive injury in his left leg. Through proper assessment and management of the prioritized needs of the patient, successful outcomes can be achieved in his case. The assignment has also included potential complications, which can be raised after surgery. Thus, enough precautions should be undertaken by the patient, patients family and the assigned physician. Reference List Carlino, W., Bartolo, C., Jennings, G. (2012). Experiences of lower limb open fracture management at the Royal United hospital, Bath. International Journal Of Surgery, 10(8), S86. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2012.06.457 Choi, K., Yang, J., Chung, H., Cho, B. (2012). Current Concepts in the Mandibular Condyle Fracture Management Part II: Open Reduction Versus Closed Reduction. Arch Plast Surg, 39(4), 301. https://dx.doi.org/10.5999/aps.2012.39.4.301 Clarke, H., Bonin, R. P., Orser, B. A., Englesakis, M., Wijeysundera, D. N., Katz, J. (2012). The prevention of chronic postsurgical pain using gabapentin and pregabalin: a combined systematic review and meta-analysis. Anesthesia Analgesia, 115(2), 428-442. Dunn, G., Ganapathy, S., Chan, V. (2012). Surgical palliative care and pain management. Philadelphia: Saunders. Edis, A. J., Grant, C. S., Egdahl, R. H. (2012). Manual of endocrine surgery. Springer Science Business Media. Elgazzar, R. (2012). Open Versus Closed Treatment of Mandibular Condyle Fracture. Dentistry, 02(07). https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-1122.1000e110 Fishman, S. M. (2012). Bonica's management of pain. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Mast, J., Jakob, R., Ganz, R. (2012). Planning and reduction technique in fracture surgery. Springer Science Business Media. Miller, A. G., Margules, A., Raikin, S. M. (2012). Risk factors for wound complications after ankle fracture surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 94(22), 2047-2052. Townsend Jr, C. M., Beauchamp, R. D., Evers, B. M., Mattox, K. L. (2012). Sabiston textbook of surgery. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Diploma in Business free essay sample

The Assessment Task is due on the date specified by your assessor. Any variations to this arrangement must be approved in writing by your assessor. Submit this document with any required evidence attached. See specifications below for details. Performance objective Demonstrate the skills and knowledge to manage the integration of business ethics in human resources practice. Assessment description Develop a code of conduct and answer a series of questions to demonstrate understanding and ability to apply appropriate standards of behaviour and business ethics. Procedure 1. Develop a code of conduct for JKL Industries (see the case study in Assessment Task 1). JKL has a number of policies and procedures to support its core values and to ensure compliance with legislative requirements. JKL Industries acknowledges it role as a responsible corporate citizen in the local and wider community. Our success will result not simply from satisfying specific equipment needs for a quality product at reasonable prices, but from conducting its business with integrity toward our clients and employees. Integrity in our sales and services and also with our employees relates to the maintenance of high business ethics and moral standards that are essential and a not found to be defamed for the sake of results. Staff members found to be harassing or bullying other members of staff will face disciplinary action ranging from counseling and performance management to dismissal. JKL takes care to respect your right to privacy and fully complies with our obligations under the Privacy Amendment (Private Sector) Act 2000. JKL uses any information we collect in accordance with our Privacy Policy and to provide a more customized service experience. It is company policy to comply in all respects with local/state/federal governments’ legislation. The relevant legislations that need to be complied  with are as follows. Commonwealth Legislation/Regulations Relevant legislation is available for reference through senior management or via access to the internet. State legislation and summary notes are accessed on state government web sites. A guide to accessing federal and state legislation, court decisions, key national and state bodies and research tools is available at: Parliament of Australia, ‘Key internet links on Australian law’, viewed May 2012, . Occupational Health and Safety The JKL OHS and Rehabilitation Policy are displayed in all work locations. JKLS’s commitment to the Occupational Health and Safety is further detailed as part of the JKL Occupational Health and Safety Management Standards. Workplace harassment, victimization and bullying Harassment, victimization and bullying in the workplace is illegal and such actions not tolerated by JKL. Staff members found to be harassing or bullying other members of staff will face disciplinary action ranging from counseling and performance management to dismissal. Anti-discrimination and equal opportunity JKL is committed to upholding affirmative action, equal opportunity and anti-discrimination legislation. This legislation is detailed at: Australian Human Rights and Equal Opportunities Commission, viewed May 2012, . Vocational education and training, apprenticeships and traineeships (legislation) JKL is committed to upholding the Industrial and Commercial Training Act, the Apprenticeships and Traineeships Act 2001 and the Vocational Education and Training Act (2005). The act stipulates that within all sites of operation, all apprentices/trainees are rostered on each shift with at least one vocationally competent person who verses the apprentice/trainee’s work and performance of duties. JKL directs all clients to the relevant guide to apprenticeships and traineeships and the relevant government websites. TGA, viewed May 2012, . Access and equity policy (diversity and anti-discrimination) Policy JKL Industries values the diversity of its team, clients and communities and  respects the rights of individuals and groups to operate in an environment free of discrimination. Access and equity (diversity and anti-discrimination) is fundamental to the operations of JKL. It is embedded in policies, practices and forward planning. JKL recognizes the importance of diversity in achieving our vision. JKL recognizes that valuing diversity is pivotal to achieving its vision. At JKL anyone engaged in employment or the provision or receipt of training and/or services has the right to operate in an environment that is free from discrimination on the grounds of: age; breastfeeding; disability; industrial activity; lawful sexual activity; marital status; physical features; political belief or activity; pregnancy; race; religious belief or activity; gender; gender identity and sexual orientation; parental or career status or personal association; sexual/sexist or other forms of harassment. Procedures are in place for handling any grievances including complaints of discrimination, unfair treatment or harassment. Complaints will be taken seriously and every effort will be made to resolve them quickly, impartially, empathically and with appropriate confidentiality. Victimization of complainant/s and witness/es is illegal. Complaints may also be lodged with the Equal Opportunity Commission. Privacy statement JKL takes care to respect your right to privacy and fully complies with our obligations under the Privacy Amendment (Private Sector) Act 2000. JKL uses any information we collect in accordance with our Privacy Policy and to provide a more customized service experience. 2. Answer a series of questions relating to business ethics. Specifications You must submit: a written code of conduct. a completed questionnaire. Quality specifications: The code of conduct should contain information detailing the organisation’s standards and expectations with regards to: personal behaviour behaviour towards others in the workplace behaviour towards clients business ethics compliance with relevant legislation expectations regarding the use of information  any specific requirements for individuals based on the nature of the industry. Your completed questionnaire should: Demonstrate an understanding and ability to manage business ethics in the workplace. Demonstrate compliance with legislative requirements. Describe reasonable behaviour and actions and support that organisational policies and procedures. Adjustment for distance-based learners No variation to assessment is required. Questionnaire – Business ethics 1. Code of conduct For the code of conduct you have completed for JKL Industries, answer the following questions. a. How would you communicate the code of conduct? The code of conduct will be communicated through all company policies and procedures, the actions of human resources, education groups focusing on ethics and through an agreement illustrating requirements that is to be signed by employees.

Redesigning a SandwichToaster to Improve its Performance and Life Cycle

Introduction Electronic home appliances have become a vital aspect of human life in contemporary world. They range from mobile phones, television sets, computers, radios, and cookers. It is noted that such gadgets are intended to make life more enjoyable. However, the intention notwithstanding, there is an emerging trend where the same machines pose a danger to the environment (Vallero Brasier 2008, p. 217).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Redesigning a SandwichToaster to Improve its Performance and Life Cycle specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, stakeholders and policy makers have developed a number of frameworks to monitor and minimise the negative effects that electronic appliances have on the environment. One such concept is the Life Cycle Analysis (herein referred to as LCA). According to Crawford (2008, p. 496), LCA is regarded as a technique that is essential in understanding the environmental impacts of a given product. The current essay is written against this background. In the paper, the author examines the environmental impacts of a toaster. The report seeks to develop a concept to redesign a sandwich toaster. The aim is to ensure that the appliance is environmentally friendly. The paper begins by addressing the weaknesses of the gadget. The analysis is based on the knowledge acquired by the author with regards to LCA (Zamagni 2012, p. 375). Thereafter, a critical review of the implications of these weaknesses is provided. At the end of the paper, a new design for the toaster is proposed. The envisaged design has two major benefits. First, it is expected to improve the performance of this appliance. Secondly, the new model will alter the components of the toaster, reducing its negative effects on the environment. Weaknesses of the Sandwich Toaster Trusty (2010, para. 3) is of the opinion that the energy consumption associated with various home appliances should be re viewed from an environmental perspective. A domestic electronic gadget, such as a toaster, is essential in the production of sandwiches. It is very convenient as it eases the whole process of food preparation. However, the materials used in manufacturing and designing the machine have varying effects on the environment. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (2012, para. 3) has tried to address this issue. The organisation advocates for the utilisation of eco-friendly appliances at home and in the office. The need to reduce negative ecological impacts necessitates the redesign of appliances. Such remodelling improves the performance and ‘eco-friendliness’ of the said machine. Today, there are diverse culinary techniques that require similarly diverse appliances to execute. Pastry lovers will agree that toasted bread is a delicacy that saves a lot of time and eliminates the need to rush to the coffee shop. When prepared at home, such snacks tend to bring the f amily together and reduce expenditure on unnecessary inputs. As a result of this, a toaster is one of the appliances whose role is realised when there is a need to prepare bread and other types of food.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lowell (2009, para. 3) affirms that most modern kitchens contain this vital appliance. In terms of power consumption, Lowell (2009, para. 4) points out that a typical toaster requires an average of 900 watts. At this level of consumption, such machines are usually used to toast two slices of bread at once. The only way to understand and redesign a given machine is by analysing its various components (Horne, Grant Verghese 2009, p. 43). The structure of a simple appliance, such as a mobile phone, is characterised by dozens of parts. Each of these parts is designed to play a specific role. The various roles are synchronised to achieve the overa ll functionality of the machine. Murielle (2011) provides an illustration of the materials used in the packaging of an average toaster. A review of the structure of this machine reveals that most of the components used are manufactured through industrial processes that are harmful to the environment. As a result of this, the finished product is associated with a number of shortcomings as far as its use is concerned. The varying weaknesses have serious ramifications to the surroundings. It is important to understand the uses of a given appliance. Such an understanding enables one to determine the inefficiencies, if any, that are linked to the machine (Hendrickson, Lester Scott 2006, p. 39). Murielle (2011, para. 4) indicates that most heating appliances used around the home are made of steel. As a result, they consume a lot of electricity. In light of this, it appears that the first weakness associated with a toaster, as a domestic appliance, has to do with its energy consumption. A ccording to Guo (2012, p. 47), most heating appliances consume approximately 5% of the total power in a home setting. Since a toaster falls under this category of gadgets, it follows that its kilowatt-hour consumption is quite high. Vogtlander (2011, p. 76) points out that many appliances that are used domestically are made from synthetic materials. Owing to the complexity of their applications, machines like toasters require artificial materials that are inexpensive to produce (Vogtlander 2009, p. 104). An example of a commonly used component in manufacturing these machines is phenol formaldehyde. An average toaster is made up of several parts that are designed using this material. Bakerlite is another common substance used in producing heating components. Smil (2013, p. 88) argues that most ecological problems arise from synthetic materials that fail to decompose when their life span expires. The hypothesis is based on the fact that all appliances have a certain duration within wh ich they are expected to last (Vogtlander, Maestre, Rosan, Arno Reene, 2013, p. 66). A skeletal observation of a toaster indicates that it is manufactured using most of these synthetic items. For example, its plug contains bakerlite, whereas its handle cover is coated with phenol formaldehyde.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Redesigning a SandwichToaster to Improve its Performance and Life Cycle specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The explanation illustrated above indicates that appliances made from synthetic materials have a negative effect on the environment. Guo (2012, p. 93) is of the opinion that this is one of the weaknesses of these products. As already indicated, most of the components found in a toaster are made using the aforementioned man-made materials. The observation highlights the second shortcoming as far as a toaster is concerned. The life cycle analysis suggests that appliances should be made fr om bio-degradable materials. The objective of such a preference is to ensure that a given machine can be safely and effectively recycled upon the expiry of its life cycle. Another element associated with the life cycle of an appliance, such as a toaster, involves its packaging. Vogtlander et al. (2013, p. 103) argue that any product should be packaged in a manner that conforms to the stipulated safety standards. The standards are formulated to ensure that the pack can be recycled. An example of such a scenario involves packing the product in a biodegradable material like cardboard. Such items decompose easily and are eco-friendly. Pablo (2009, p. 172) points out that most electrical appliances are packed together with several accompaniments. To this end, it is common to find such elements as manuals and other wrappings in the container used to pack a machine like a toaster. The appliances may be wrapped in multiple layers of plastic material. Such a presentation adds to the gadgetâ €™s shortcomings with regards to disposal. Plastic, as aforementioned, is a synthetic material. As a result, a toaster with such kind of packaging is an ecological hazard in itself. The wrappers add to its weaknesses. Figure 1 below illustrates a typical toaster: Figure 1: A cross section of the sandwich toaster Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From figure 1 above, it appears that the most conspicuous aspect of the appliance is the extended heating material. The curved copper element arcs across the inner surface of the plates. One places their sandwich on the rectangular part (Murielle (2011, para. 4). Evidently, a lot of heat is lost during the toasting process. The heat dissipates into the regions that are not in contact with the bread. In addition, the toaster has a phenol formaldehyde casing that acts as an insulator. The same is indicated by the darkened regions on the diagram. The material used to make the handles should be biodegradable to make the recycling process easier Implications of the Weaknesses Klopfer and Grahl (2014, p. 83) are of the opinion that the performance and durability of an appliance are directly linked to the machine’s shortcomings. The said weaknesses have several implications on the functionality of this gadget. Such weaknesses should be addressed to improve the overall quality of the item. In life cycle analysis, such a product as a toaster is expected to complete its cycle. The phases run from the time it was manufactured to the recycling point. The inability to complete the span implies that the performance of that appliance is compromised (see Figure 2 below). Figure 2: Life Cycle of an Appliance Adapted from: Klopfer and Grahl (2014) From Figure 2, it is evident that an appliance undergoes several stages that make up its ‘life’. The phases are evident in spite of the fact that the machine is inanimate in nature. Roughly, there are four phases in the life of an appliance. As indicated in the figure above, the stages start with the preparation of raw materials and end with the recycling of the product (Alastair 2009, p. 151). In some cases, shortcomings may inhibit the flow of the cycle. Under such circumstances, overall performance is affected (Esty Simmons 2011, p. 188). The discourse provided in the previous section reveals that the major w eaknesses of a sandwich toaster are related to its energy consumption, packaging, and difficulty in disposal. Curran (2012, p. 93) argues that it is possible to regulate the rate at which an appliance consumes power. The major components of the sandwich toaster, as illustrated in figure 1 above, comprise of steel and copper heating materials. The abundant use of these elements is responsible for the high consumption of electricity. The use of energy is further compounded by the quality of steel used to assemble the product. Poor quality steel translates to high energy consumption (Chapman 2005, p. 187). The case is the same for copper with impurities. Appliances that utilise a lot of energy lead to increased demand for electricity, which has a ripple effect on the environment. Today, fossil fuels and a host of other non-renewable energy sources account for most of the electrical power produced in the world (Klopfer Grahl 2014, p. 97; Thwaites 2011, p. 109). Alastair (2009, p. 106) is emphatic that fossil fuels contribute to environmental degradation. As such, appliances whose electrical consumption is high lead to increased massive ecological deprivation. The exploitation emanates from the fact that a lot of fossil fuels will be required to produce electricity. On a more positive note, high demand for energy gives rise to the formulation of innovative measures. Curran (2012, p. 100) suggests that the need for environmental protection has triggered the development of alternative sources of energy. The existence of appliances whose power consumption is high means that the demand for energy in the market will persist. Innovation is needed to come up with appliances with low power consumption. The objective of these interventions is to minimise environmental degradation by reducing reliance on fossil fuels. The other major weakness discussed in the previous section is the difficulty of recycling a toaster. According to Chapman (2005, p. 129), life cycle analysis has specific guidelines that should be followed in disposing an item. The analysis requires the appliance to be re-used to prevent the generation of more synthetic materials. As already indicated in this report, the need to recycle is governed by the element of environmental conservation. To this effect, an appliance that is assembled using materials that pose a challenge during the recycling process will increase environmental degradation. Proposed Redesign of the Toaster According to Energy.gov (2013, para. 2), the rising demand for electrical appliances leads to a proportionate increase in demand for energy. The aspect of environmental protection comes in when the energy is produced in a manner that is not eco-friendly. Kibert (2012, p. 163) insists that it is important to manufacture appliances that consume less power. The interaction between such gadgets and the environment is not harmful. The scenario illustrates the need to dismantle the typical toaster and come up with a new design that addresses the aforementioned weaknesses. To enhance the performance of an electrical appliance, the preferred redesign should be based on the incremental improvement of the constituent components. Horne et al. (2009, p. 96) hold the opinion that such re-engineering is achieved by substituting the unnecessary material. However, the replacement should be done in a way that does not interrupt the functions of the device. On the contrary, the functions should be improved (Horne et al. 2009, p. 96). With regards to the toaster addressed in this report, it is important to make several changes as far as packaging is concerned. Pablo (2009, p. 61) argues that most clients misplace the instruction manuals that come with an appliance. The few who retain the papers end up disposing them at some point. To address this issue, manufacturers of a simple machine like toaster should consider printing the instructions on a section of the actual device. For example, the instructions may b e embossed at the bottom of the machine. Such a modification will help to reduce the adverse effects that papers and plastics have on the environment. The same will also ease the recycling process, meeting the specifications laid down by LCA. The power cable is another aspect of the toaster that requires redesigning. According to Murielle (2011, para. 5), the plastic cords can be redesigned to improve functionality. Plastics are non-biodegradable, something that complicates the recycling process. It is advisable to replace the long cables with a shorter version, which further insulates the toaster. Still on the subject of insulation, the phenol formaldehyde used to coat the handles should be replaced with a bio-degradable material like bamboo (Crawford 2008, p. 500). The most important aspect of a toaster is its heating capabilities. Murielle (2011, para. 5) holds that the only way to improve the performance of a toaster is to enhance its heating qualities. Such an improvement calls for increased insulation by covering the exposed parts. In addition, manufactures can make use of components with little electrical resistance. One such material is copper with very few impurities. The new design should avoid having the copper arc across the cross-section of the plates. Instead, the sandwich toaster should have the heating material concentrated on the sections where the bread is placed. The same helps to distribute the heat evenly. Murielle (2011, para. 4) posits that an even distribution of heat helps to hasten the heating process, which reduces the amount of electricity spent. The major objective of the proposed modifications is to enhance the performance of the machine and improve its efficiency (Alastair 2009, p. 73). Redesigning a toaster is meant to enhance the quality of the toasted bread and eliminate components that have a negative effect impact on the environment. In addition, the proposed design will make it possible for the toaster to go through the com plete ‘life cycle’ with little or no hindrances. The objective is realised through the elimination of non- biodegradable materials, which are replaced with those that are friendlier to the environment. The proposed design is illustrated in figure 3 below: Figure 3: A cross section of the re-designed toaster The figure above makes it obvious that the new toaster is significantly different from the old one. The surface area covered by the heating filament has increased. Each of the sections in the plates has a portion of the heating filament running on it. The thickness of the copper has also decreased to reduce energy consumption (Alastair 2009, p. 113). The insulating material has been changed from the initial phenol formaldehyde to bamboo. The new insulator has properties that allow it to reduce heat loss into the environment. As a result, most of the heat energy is retained within the toaster. The same helps to reduce the time spent in burning the bread. The ripple e ffect is that a smaller amount of electricity is spent. Conclusion The recommendations made in this report are important in enhancing the performance of various machines used in the home and in the office. According to Chapman (2005, p. 108), the human race is heading to an era where electronic appliances will be vital components of life. At the same time, there will be increased demand for energy. All these developments need to address the issue of sustainable source of energy. The design of new appliances should help in conserving the environment and minimising energy consumption. The recommended and remodelled toaster responds to the weaknesses of the standard machine and makes it more efficient. The efficiency of other appliances must also be enhanced. However, the new designs should not impair the normal functioning of the product. References Alastair, F 2009, The eco-design handbook: a complete sourcebook for the home and office, Thames Hudson Publishers, London. Chapman, J 2 005, Emotionally durable design: objects experiences and empathy, Routlege, New York. Crawford, R 2008, ‘Validation of a hybrid life-cycle inventory analysis method’, Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 88 no. 3, pp. 496-506. Curran, A 2012, Life cycle assessment handbook: a guide for environmentally sustainable products, Wiley, London. Energy.gov 2013, Estimating appliance and home electronic energy use. Web. Esty, C Simmons, P 2011, The green to gold business playbook: how to implement sustainability practices for bottom-line results in every business function, Wiley, London. Guo, M 2012, Life cycle assessments (LCA) of lightweight eco-composites, Springer, New York. Hendrickson, T, Lester, B Scott, H 2006, Environmental life cycle assessment of goods and services: an input-output approach, Routlege, London. Horne, R, Grant, T Verghese, K 2009, Life cycle assessment: principles practice and prospects, Collongwood, CSIRO Publishing. Kibert, J 2012, Sustainable construction: green building design and delivery, Wiley, London. Klopfer, W Grahl, B 2014, Life cycle assessment, Wiley, London. Lowell, J 2009, Environmentally friendly toaster saves planet and breakfast. Web. Murielle, 2011, Creating and maintaining an eco-friendly kitchen. Web. Pablo, L 2012, Bamboo: a sustainable solution for Western Europe design cases LCAs and land-use, VSSD, Delft. Smil, V 2013, Making the modern world: materials and dematerialization, Wiley, London. Thwaites, T 2011, The toaster project: or a heroic attempt to build a simple electric appliance from scratch, Princeton Architectural Press, Princeton. Trusty, W 2010, An overview of life cycle assessments: part one. Web. United States Environmental Protection Agency 2012, Risk management sustainable technology: life cycle assessment (LCA). Web. Vallero, D Brasier, C 2008, Sustainable design: the science of sustainability and green engineering, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New Jersey. Vogtlander, G 2009, LCA-bas ed assessment of sustainability: the eco-costs/value ratio EVR, VSSD, Delft. Vogtlander, G 2011, A quick reference guide to LCA data and eco-based materials selection, VSSD, Delft. Vogtlander, G, Maestre, A, Rosan, H, Arno, S, Reene, W. 2013, Eco-efficient value creation, sustainable design and business strategies, Delft Academic Press, Delft. Zamagni, A 2012, ‘Life cycle sustainability assessment’, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, vol. 17 no. 4, pp. 373-376. This report on Redesigning a SandwichToaster to Improve its Performance and Life Cycle was written and submitted by user Seamus Beck to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.